How to Apply to ETRI (Electronics and Telecom Research Institute)

13 min read Last updated April 20, 2026 1 open positions
Blake Crosley
Blake Crosley Researched using publicly available information, hiring data, and ATS analysis.

Key Takeaways

  • ETRI is Korea's largest government-funded ICT research institute, founded in 1976 and headquartered in Daejeon's Daedeok Innopolis at 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu — not a corporate R&D lab and not a startup, and the application process reflects that.
  • The active 2026 ATS is etri.recruitment.kr (recruitment.kr platform). The legacy etri.recruiter.co.kr URL is deprecated and only displays a redirect notice. Use the new portal for everything.
  • Hiring runs on an annual published plan disclosed via ALIO. The 2026 plan is 164 regular hires — 100 in the first half, 64 in the second — heavily weighted toward research (125 of 164). The 1차 cycle for the year typically opens in late summer of the prior year.
  • Four hiring tracks with separate emails: 연구직 / 기술직 ([email protected]), 행정직 / 실무직 ([email protected]), 박사후연구원 / 연수직 ([email protected]), interns ([email protected]). Pick the right track and apply to the right channel.
  • The application is Korean-primary. Self-introduction prompts, document reviewers, and interviews all default to Korean. Foreign applicants without working Korean should plan accordingly or target the postdoc and visiting researcher pipelines first.
  • For 연구직, expect a quantitative document screen on degree, publications, and English score, then a presentation-driven major interview followed by a comprehensive interview with personality assessment. For 행정직, add an NCS written test up front.
  • Compensation follows the GRI 호봉 pay table — competitive and stable, but not chaebol or top-tier US tech money. The trade is mission-driven national R&D, publishable research, standards-body access, and long-term employment.
  • ETRI's 2026 strategic frontier is 6G (terrestrial-satellite integration, AI-native air interface, RIS, LEO satellite under 3GPP), AI foundation models (100B-scale 'Eagle' through the NC AI Consortium and the K-Cloud program), AI semiconductors (K-Perf benchmarking, NVIDIA alliance), and post-quantum cryptography. Match your application to one of these themes specifically.
  • Daejeon is non-negotiable. Applicants should be honest with themselves about willingness to relocate to Yuseong-gu and operate inside Korea's public-research culture for the long term.

About ETRI (Electronics and Telecom Research Institute)

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute — ETRI in English, 한국전자통신연구원 in Korean — is South Korea's largest government-funded research institute (정부출연연구기관, GRI) for information and communications technology. It was founded in 1976, making 2026 the year of its 50th anniversary, which the institute marked with a ceremony at its Daejeon main auditorium where President Bang Seung-chan stated that ETRI had "paved the way through challenges and laid the foundation for national economic development." ETRI estimates its cumulative industrial impact since founding at roughly 494 trillion won, a figure cited in Korean coverage of the anniversary. The institute reports to the Ministry of Science and ICT (과학기술정보통신부) and is governed under the National Research Council of Science and Technology (NST), which is the standard structure for the country's science and technology GRIs. Its headquarters and the bulk of its research operations sit at 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129 — the heart of Daedeok Innopolis (대덕연구개발특구), Korea's main public research cluster — with branch campuses in Seoul (Pangyo / Seongnam area) and Honam, plus regional research centers. Headcount sits in the neighborhood of 2,000 to 2,500 staff, with the majority being researchers (연구직). ETRI's footprint in Korea's modern technology stack is hard to overstate. The institute developed TDX-1 (Korea's first electronic switching system) in the 1980s, helped commercialize CDMA in the early 1990s — the program that effectively launched Korea's mobile industry — designed early DRAM and contributed to the country's terrestrial DMB and WiBro systems in the 2000s, and fed core IP into 4G LTE Advanced. In the 2020s the focus shifted to 6G, AI foundation models, AI semiconductors, post-quantum cryptography, intelligent satellite networks, and immersive media. In 2026 ETRI demonstrated integrated terrestrial-satellite 6G "hyper-space" communication, was named lead organization for 6G low-Earth-orbit satellite communications under a 3GPP-aligned program with the Ministry of Science and ICT and the Korea Aerospace Administration, and showcased six core ICT results at MWC 2026 in Barcelona including an AI-based 6G core network, AI-native 6G wireless transmission, intelligent transparent reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), and AI-enabled base station technology. On the AI side, ETRI is part of the NC AI Consortium selected by the Ministry of Science and ICT for the national independent foundation model program and is pre-training a 100-billion-parameter scale model with its 'Eagle' language model planned to evolve into a multimodal foundation model after 2026. ETRI is also a named participant in the Korea-NVIDIA AI infrastructure alliance announced in late 2025 and contributes to the K-Perf benchmarking consortium for domestic AI semiconductors. Be honest with yourself about what ETRI is and is not. It is a public research institute, not a startup and not a chaebol R&D lab. Compensation follows the GRI pay scale, which is competitive but does not match Samsung, SK hynix, or Naver for top-tier researchers. The work is mission-driven national R&D — papers, patents, government deliverables, standards contributions, and tech transfer to Korean industry — and the institutional culture is formal, Korean-language-first, and Daejeon-based. If you want Silicon Valley pace, equity, or an English-default workplace, ETRI is the wrong target. If you want to do publishable research at scale on 6G, AI, semiconductors, satellite communications, or quantum, with stable employment and a direct line into Korea's national technology agenda, very few employers in the country are stronger.

Application Process

  1. 1
    Identify the right channel before doing anything else

    Identify the right channel before doing anything else. ETRI runs four parallel tracks. Regular research staff (정규직 일반연구직) is the PhD-heavy career track and is the most competitive. Technical staff (기술직) supports research operations and engineering infrastructure. Administrative and operational staff (행정직 / 실무직) handles HR, planning, contracts, and facilities. Postdoctoral researchers (박사후연구원 / 연수직), interns (인턴), and visiting scholars (학연학생) are time-bound research positions that often serve as a feeder pipeline into 정규직 openings. Each channel has its own contact email and its own evaluation pattern.

  2. 2
    Confirm you are on the right URL

    Confirm you are on the right URL. ETRI's official recruitment portal in 2026 is https://etri.recruitment.kr/appsite/company/index. The legacy URL etri.recruiter.co.kr now displays only a notice redirecting users to the new portal — applications cannot be submitted there. The portal is operated on Korea's Recruiter recruitment platform (recruitment.kr family), the same enterprise hiring system used by many Korean public institutions and large employers.

  3. 3
    Plan around the published hiring cycle

    Plan around the published hiring cycle. ETRI publishes an annual recruitment plan via ALIO (the Korean public-institution disclosure system). The 2026 plan calls for 164 regular hires — 100 in the first half and 64 in the second — split across roughly 125 research positions, 8 technical, 26 administrative, and 5 operational. The first-half (1차) cycle for regular researchers typically opens application receipt in late summer of the prior year (the 2026 1차 cycle ran from late August into mid-September 2025) with the second-half cycle opening later. Public service exam-style 행정직 cycles align with broader public-sector hiring rhythms.

  4. 4
    Build the application package in Korean

    Build the application package in Korean. The portal accepts only Korean for the core application. You will submit: the application form (지원서), a self-introduction (자기소개서) with multi-part essay prompts, a research-and-publication record (연구실적), career and credential documents, and a personal information collection consent form (개인정보 수집·이용 동의서). Foreign applicants who cannot write Korean should plan for substantial translation support and should expect Korean-only interview tracks unless they apply through a special foreign-researcher program.

  5. 5
    Document your degree and English score

    Document your degree and English score. For 정규직 연구직, a master's degree is the floor and a doctorate is the de facto expectation for principal-investigator-track roles. ETRI's quantitative document screen scores degree level, peer-reviewed research output (SCI/SCIE journals, top-tier conferences such as IEEE INFOCOM, NeurIPS, ICML, ISSCC depending on track), and an objective English score (TOEIC, TOEFL iBT, OPIc, TEPS, or IELTS). Have a current English score on file before the cycle opens — late certificates are rejected.

  6. 6
    Mirror the job posting line by line in your resume and 자기소개서

    Mirror the job posting line by line in your resume and 자기소개서. ETRI postings list a target research division (e.g., AI Research Lab, Mobile Communications Research, Intelligent Convergence Research, Honam Research Center), a research theme, and required qualifications. Korean public-sector reviewers score 'job fit' (직무적합성) heavily. Naming the specific research lab, the specific theme, and citing your prior papers or projects that map to that theme is the single highest-leverage thing you can do.

  7. 7
    Submit on time and track the gates

    Submit on time and track the gates. After the application window closes, the document screen result (서류전형 결과) is announced first. Passing candidates are invited to a major / technical interview (전공면접) — typically a 10-15 minute presentation followed by 10 minutes of Q&A — and then to a comprehensive interview (종합면접) that includes a personality / aptitude assessment (인성검사) and a panel discussion. 행정직 candidates additionally take an NCS-based written aptitude test (직업기초능력평가) before the major interview. Expect roughly two to three months from posting close to final offer.

  8. 8
    If you are coming in via the postdoc, intern, or 학연학생 path, contact apply@etri

    If you are coming in via the postdoc, intern, or 학연학생 path, contact [email protected] (postdoc / 연수직), [email protected] (interns), or the relevant department directly. Postdoc and 학연 placements are often arranged through a sponsoring principal investigator at ETRI plus a Korean university advisor, and they create the strongest pipeline into a future 정규직 application because hiring managers can vouch for your work.

Resume Tips for ETRI (Electronics and Telecom Research Institute)

recommended

Lead with degree, advisor, and lab

Lead with degree, advisor, and lab. Korean public-research reviewers scan first for 학위 (degree), 지도교수 (advisor), and 소속 연구실 (lab) on the first page. Put institution, degree, dates, advisor name, and lab in the header block of the education section, not buried later.

recommended

Quantify research output the way the screen scores it

Quantify research output the way the screen scores it. List peer-reviewed publications with venue tier (SCI / SCIE / SSCI, top-tier conference), impact factor where available, your author position, and DOI. Separate journals from conferences. Separate first-author from co-author work. Patents go in their own block with application number, status, and country.

recommended

Map every bullet to ETRI's research themes

Map every bullet to ETRI's research themes. If you are applying to the AI Research Lab, frame your work in terms of foundation models, multimodal generation, on-device AI, AI-RAN, or AI semiconductor co-design. If you are applying to mobile communications, frame it in terms of 6G physical layer, NTN, RIS, AI-native air interface, or 3GPP standardization. Do not make the reviewer translate generic descriptions into ETRI categories.

recommended

Include a standardized English score and a Korean proficiency note

Include a standardized English score and a Korean proficiency note. List TOEIC / TOEFL / OPIc score with test date. If you are a foreign applicant, list TOPIK level. Korean public-sector applications treat language as a quantified credential, not soft skill.

recommended

Show standards and tech-transfer experience

Show standards and tech-transfer experience. Contributions to 3GPP, IEEE, ITU-T, ETSI, MPEG, ISO/IEC, or Korean TTA carry unusual weight at ETRI because the institute's mandate includes feeding national standards work. Likewise, naming any technology you transferred to a Korean company, any spin-off you supported, or any government R&D project (NRF, IITP, KEIT) you participated in is direct signal.

recommended

Use a clean, ATS-readable single-column layout

Use a clean, ATS-readable single-column layout. The recruitment.kr portal accepts uploaded files but the document reviewers are humans working on screen. Avoid graphical sidebars, photo headers (unless the posting explicitly requests a photo, which some Korean postings still do), tables nested inside tables, and decorative fonts. PDF is safest. Korean and English versions side by side is acceptable; many candidates submit a Korean primary plus an English secondary.

recommended

Write the 자기소개서 to the prompts ETRI actually asks

Write the 자기소개서 to the prompts ETRI actually asks. Korean self-introductions are not free-form essays — they are direct answers to numbered prompts (지원동기, 직무역량, 협업경험, 입사 후 포부, 등). Answer the asked question, in order, within the character limit, in Korean, with concrete examples. Generic motivation essays are filtered fast.

recommended

Be ruthless with the publications list

Be ruthless with the publications list. Reviewers are scientists. Padding the list with workshop posters, predatory venues, or undergraduate symposium talks signals weak judgment. A short list of strong venues outperforms a long list of weak ones every time.

recommended

Use ResumeGeni to maintain parallel Korean and English versions of your CV with

Use ResumeGeni to maintain parallel Korean and English versions of your CV with consistent dates, titles, and metrics, then export ATS-clean PDFs. ETRI does not parse the way US ATS systems do, but a clean PDF survives both portal upload and the on-screen review your hiring committee will actually do.

ATS System: ETRI Recruitment Portal (recruitment.kr)

ETRI runs its applications through a Korean enterprise hiring platform hosted at etri.recruitment.kr — verified live in April 2026. The portal is part of the Recruiter / recruitment.kr family of Korean ATS products that many public institutions, conglomerates, and SMBs use. The legacy URL etri.recruiter.co.kr is deprecated and now serves only a notice page redirecting candidates to etri.recruitment.kr. Submission is by candidate account on the portal, with structured fields for personal information, education, certifications, English-test scores, career history, research output, and the multi-prompt 자기소개서. File uploads (PDF / DOCX / HWP) are supported for supplementary documents such as research statements, publication lists, and credential proof. The interface is Korean-primary with limited English navigation labels. Notifications and status updates are delivered by email to the registered account; ETRI also separately publishes channel emails ([email protected] for research and technical, [email protected] for administrative and operational, [email protected] for postdoc / 연수직, [email protected] for interns) for inquiries.

  • Create your portal account well before the cycle opens and verify Korean name, resident-registration or alien-registration number (or passport number for foreign applicants), and contact information are correct — name mismatches between the portal, your degree certificate, and your English-test certificate are a routine cause of rejection.
  • Pre-stage every supporting document as PDF before the application window opens. The portal can throttle uploads on the last day, and Korean public-sector deadlines do not flex.
  • Submit the full Korean application; do not assume English-only is acceptable. The portal accepts English content in upload fields, but the structured 자기소개서 prompts and the document reviewers expect Korean.
  • Do not rely on the legacy etri.recruiter.co.kr URL for anything beyond confirming the redirect. Only postings on etri.recruitment.kr are live.
  • Watch ALIO (alio.go.kr) and ETRI's main site (etri.re.kr) in parallel for the official 채용공고 — the portal often opens at the same moment the public notice goes live, and posting windows are typically two to three weeks.

Interview Culture

ETRI interviews are formal, panel-based, and scored against published Korean public-sector hiring rubrics.

For 연구직 and 기술직 the gauntlet is two stages. Stage one is the major / technical interview (전공면접). You give a 10-15 minute presentation in Korean — typically a slide deck on your research, methodology, and how it maps to the ETRI division you applied to — followed by 10 to 15 minutes of technical Q&A from a panel of senior researchers from that division. They will probe for depth: methodological choices, alternative approaches you considered, why your results generalize, what you would do differently, and how you would extend the work to ETRI's current research themes. Be ready for hard, narrow questions about your own publications and code. Stage two is the comprehensive interview (종합면접), which mixes panel questions with the personality and aptitude assessment (인성검사). The panel for the comprehensive round often includes division leadership and HR. Common Korean public-research questions show up: self-introduction (자기소개), motivation for ETRI specifically (지원동기) split into internal motivation and external motivation, your strengths and weaknesses, a recent failure and what you learned, willingness to relocate to Daejeon and willingness to be deployed to a regional center such as Pangyo (판교), and post-hire vision (입사 후 포부). Cultural fit, collaboration, and integrity questions carry real weight. For 행정직, candidates first take the NCS-based written aptitude test (NCS 직업기초능력평가) — the standard Korean public-sector test covering communication, math, problem-solving, resource management, information, technology, organizational understanding, and self-development — then go through document screening, a major interview that often includes a PT presentation in front of a six-member panel, and a comprehensive interview that may include a 원장 (president) audience for finalists. Across all tracks, expect strict respect for honorifics and Korean professional etiquette, business attire, on-time arrival at the Daejeon HQ (most interviews are in person; some technical rounds may be hybrid), and panels that ask follow-up questions until they hit the limit of your understanding. Salary negotiation is constrained — ETRI follows the GRI 호봉 (step-grade) pay table, with bands set by degree, prior experience, and role; there is room to discuss starting step but not to negotiate a market-rate offer. Relocation and housing support exist for researchers moving to Daejeon and are spelled out in the offer package. Plan for two to three months from application close to final offer.

What ETRI (Electronics and Telecom Research Institute) Looks For

  • Demonstrated research depth in a theme ETRI is currently funded to deliver — 6G air interface and core, NTN and LEO satellite communications, AI foundation models and AI-native networks, AI semiconductor and neural processor design, post-quantum cryptography, immersive media and XR, intelligent CPS, and smart manufacturing being the largest 2026 buckets
  • Peer-reviewed publication record at credible international venues, with first-author work weighted more heavily than co-author and journal indexing (SCI / SCIE) tracked explicitly in the document score
  • PhD for principal-investigator-track research roles, master's-floor for entry research roles, and a clear advisor-and-lab pedigree for early-career applicants
  • Standards body or government-program experience — 3GPP, IEEE, ITU-T, ETSI, ISO/IEC, MPEG, Korean TTA, IITP, NRF, KEIT — because feeding national standards and government R&D deliverables is part of ETRI's mandate
  • Working Korean for daily collaboration, documentation, and proposal writing, plus a quantified English score (TOEIC, TOEFL iBT, OPIc, TEPS, IELTS) for the document screen
  • Tech-transfer or commercialization experience — technology licensed to Korean industry, spin-off support, patent prosecution, joint development with a chaebol or fabless company — that maps to ETRI's industrial-impact mandate
  • Willingness to be based in Daejeon (Yuseong-gu) for the long term, with potential rotation to Pangyo or Honam research centers, and to operate inside a public-institution governance structure with formal reporting lines
  • Integrity, collaboration, and clear written communication in Korean — soft signals that the comprehensive interview and 인성검사 are explicitly designed to test

Frequently Asked Questions

What is ETRI and how is it different from a university or a chaebol R&D lab?
ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute / 한국전자통신연구원) is a government-funded research institute under the Ministry of Science and ICT, governed under the National Research Council of Science and Technology. Unlike a university, ETRI does not grant degrees — its mandate is national R&D, technology transfer to Korean industry, contributions to international standards, and delivery on government research programs. Unlike a chaebol R&D lab (Samsung Research, SK hynix, LG, Naver), ETRI is a public institution with public-sector pay scales, open public hiring announcements via ALIO, and a research agenda set by national policy rather than product roadmaps.
Where is ETRI located and is remote work an option?
ETRI's main campus is at 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, in Daedeok Innopolis. There are branch operations including a Seoul-area presence (Pangyo) and the Honam Research Center plus regional centers. The default expectation for regular research and technical staff is on-site work at the Daejeon HQ. Some hybrid arrangements may be available for specific roles, but you should plan to live in or near Daejeon.
What is the actual ATS / application portal?
The active portal in 2026 is https://etri.recruitment.kr/appsite/company/index, hosted on the Korean Recruiter / recruitment.kr enterprise hiring platform. The legacy URL etri.recruiter.co.kr is deprecated — it now displays only a notice redirecting candidates to the new portal. All real application activity happens on etri.recruitment.kr.
Do I need a PhD to work at ETRI?
Not for every track, but for the 정규직 일반연구직 principal-investigator-track research roles a doctorate is the de facto expectation. The published floor for many research postings is a master's degree, and master's-level hires do exist, but the document screen quantitatively scores degree level alongside publications and English. Technical, administrative, and operational tracks have different requirements — typically bachelor's-level with relevant experience or qualifications. Postdoctoral 연수직 positions of course require a PhD.
Can I apply if I do not speak Korean?
It is difficult. The application portal, the self-introduction prompts, the document reviewers, and the interviews all default to Korean. The institute does host foreign researchers and visiting scholars, and certain international programs accommodate English, but the standard 정규직 hiring track expects working Korean. The most realistic entry path for non-Korean speakers is the postdoctoral or visiting researcher route arranged through a sponsoring ETRI principal investigator, which can later evolve into a regular position.
When does ETRI hire and how many people per year?
ETRI publishes its annual hiring plan on ALIO (Korean public-institution disclosure system). The 2026 plan is 164 regular hires split into 100 in the first half (1차) and 64 in the second half (2차), with the breakdown heavily weighted toward research. The first-half cycle typically opens application receipt in late summer of the prior year — for example, the 2026 1차 cycle ran roughly from late August to mid-September 2025. The second-half cycle opens later in the year. Postings appear simultaneously on etri.recruitment.kr, ALIO, and major Korean job boards (Saramin, JobKorea, Catch, Incruit, Jasoseol).
What does the interview process look like?
For research and technical tracks: document screening (서류전형), then a major / technical interview (전공면접) with a 10-15 minute presentation in Korean plus 10 to 15 minutes of technical Q&A from senior researchers, then a comprehensive interview (종합면접) with personality assessment (인성검사) and a behavioral panel. For administrative tracks, an NCS-based written aptitude test (직업기초능력평가) precedes the interviews, and finalists may meet with the institute president (원장). Total cycle time from application close to final offer is typically two to three months.
What are ETRI's main research priorities for 2026?
Four big buckets dominate 2026. First, 6G — including AI-based 6G core network, AI-native 6G wireless transmission, intelligent transparent RIS, AI-enabled base stations, and integrated terrestrial-satellite (LEO) communications, all showcased at MWC 2026 in Barcelona, with ETRI named lead organization for 6G LEO satellite communications under the Ministry of Science and ICT and the Korea Aerospace Administration. Second, AI foundation models — ETRI is a member of the NC AI Consortium under the national independent foundation model program and is pre-training a 100-billion-parameter scale model, with the 'Eagle' language model planned to evolve to multimodal after 2026. Third, AI semiconductors — including the K-Perf benchmarking consortium for domestic AI chips and ETRI's role in the Korea-NVIDIA AI infrastructure alliance announced in late 2025. Fourth, ongoing strength in post-quantum cryptography, immersive media / XR, intelligent CPS, smart manufacturing, and industrial AI.
How is ETRI affected by the 2026 US-Korea trade and tariff environment?
ETRI itself is a public research institute and does not export hardware, so the direct revenue impact from the 2026 US tariff regime is limited. The indirect impact is real, though. Korea's $350 billion strategic-investment commitment to the United States, focused on semiconductors, AI, quantum, and critical minerals, has reinforced the policy push behind ETRI's AI-semiconductor and sovereign-AI work. Korea also negotiated most-favored-nation treatment for chip-export tariffs. Practically, this means ETRI's 2026 research priorities — domestic foundation models, K-Cloud, K-Perf, and AI-RAN — are aligned with the strategic investment agenda and are well-resourced. Candidates with relevant skills should expect the institute's hiring in those areas to be stable to growing.
What about salary, benefits, and career progression?
ETRI compensation follows the GRI 호봉 (step-grade) pay table common to Korean government-funded research institutes. Starting step is set by degree, prior research and industry experience, and role band. The package is competitive and stable but does not match Samsung, SK hynix, or top-tier Naver / Kakao research salaries for the same credentials. On the other hand, employment is long-term, retirement and welfare benefits are robust, sabbatical and visiting-researcher arrangements with overseas labs (universities, MIT, Stanford, ETH, etc.) are real, support for relocation to Daejeon is provided, and on-the-job freedom to publish, contribute to standards, and pursue government R&D programs is unusually high for an applied research environment. Career progression goes through researcher (책임연구원, 책임기술원) up to principal researcher and into management of research divisions.

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Related Resources

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Sources

  1. ETRI — official institute homepage (English) —
  2. ETRI President Greeting — President Bang Seung-chan —
  3. ETRI Recruitment Portal (active 2026 ATS) —
  4. ETRI Recruiter (legacy URL with redirect notice) —
  5. ETRI marks 50th anniversary with 494 trillion won industrial impact (Seoul Economic Daily) —
  6. ETRI to unveil core 6G source technologies at MWC26 (Digital Today) —
  7. ETRI to lead 6G LEO satellite communications development (NETMANIAS) —
  8. ETRI begins development of a 100B-scale large foundation model (EurekAlert) —
  9. NVIDIA, South Korea Government and Industrial Giants Build AI Infrastructure (NVIDIA Newsroom) —
  10. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute — Wikipedia (history, TDX, CDMA, WiBro) —
  11. ETRI 2026년 1차 정규직 연구원 채용 — 진학프로 —
  12. 한국전자통신연구원 — ALIO 공공기관 채용 공시 —
  13. 한국전자통신연구원 면접 후기 — JobPlanet (137 reviews, interview format) —
  14. South Korea commits $350 billion to US strategic industries following Trump tariff pressure (JURIST) —
  15. S. Korea to be treated as favored nation for US chip tariffs under trade deal (Korea Herald) —
  16. 2026 Marks Debut of Korean AI Chips, KRW 9.9 Trillion Push (DBR / Donga Business Review) —