Delivery Driver Salary Guide: What You Can Earn in 2025
The biggest mistake delivery drivers make on their resumes? Listing "delivered packages" as a bullet point and calling it a day. That generic description tells a hiring manager nothing about your route efficiency, your on-time delivery rate, your vehicle maintenance record, or the volume you handled daily. And when you undersell your skills on paper, you undersell yourself at the negotiating table — which means you leave real money behind [14].
This guide breaks down exactly what delivery drivers earn across the country, which factors push your pay higher, and how to leverage your experience for better compensation.
The median annual salary for delivery drivers in the United States is $37,130 [1] — but that single number hides a wide range. Top earners pull in nearly $60,000, while geographic location, industry, and experience create significant variation across the field.
Key Takeaways
- Delivery drivers earn between $21,760 and $59,730 annually, depending on experience, location, and industry [1].
- The field is growing at 8.8% through 2032, with approximately 51,300 annual openings creating consistent demand and negotiating leverage [8].
- Industry matters enormously — drivers in wholesale trade and unionized carriers earn 25-60% more than the median without changing their core skill set [1].
- Location-based pay differences can exceed $15,000 for the same role, making geographic strategy a real factor in your earning potential [1].
- Benefits and total compensation often add 20-30% on top of base salary, according to BLS employer cost data [15], and savvy drivers negotiate these alongside their hourly rate.
What Is the National Salary Overview for Delivery Drivers?
With over 417,420 delivery drivers employed across the United States [1], this is one of the largest transportation occupations in the country. The pay spectrum is broader than most people realize, and understanding where you fall — and why — is the first step toward earning more.
Here's the full breakdown by BLS wage percentile:
| Percentile | Annual Salary | Hourly Wage | What This Represents |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | $21,760 | ~$10.46 | Entry-level / part-time |
| 25th | $29,120 | ~$14.00 | Early career / lower-cost regions |
| 50th (Median) | $37,130 | $17.85 | Mid-career national midpoint |
| 75th | $47,590 | ~$22.88 | Experienced / high-demand markets |
| 90th | $59,730 | ~$28.72 | Senior / specialized / premium industries |
All figures from BLS Occupational Employment and Wages data for SOC 53-3031 (Light Truck Drivers) [1].
The 10th percentile ($21,760) typically represents brand-new drivers, part-time positions, or roles in low-cost-of-living areas [1]. If you're earning in this range full-time, there's significant room to move up — often within 12-18 months of building a clean driving record and demonstrating reliability. Many gig-economy roles (Amazon Flex, DoorDash) land here after you subtract vehicle expenses and self-employment taxes.
The 25th percentile ($29,120) is where many drivers land after their first year or two [1]. You know your routes, you've proven you can handle the physical demands, and you've likely moved past the probationary period. This is also common for drivers in smaller markets or with companies that offer lower base pay but supplement with tips or per-stop bonuses.
The median ($37,130) represents the true midpoint — half of all delivery drivers earn more, half earn less [1]. Drivers at this level typically have a few years of experience, a solid safety record, and may hold a CDL or endorsement that qualifies them for larger vehicles or specialized cargo. This is the benchmark you should use when evaluating any offer.
The 75th percentile ($47,590) is where experience, specialization, and location converge [1]. Drivers earning at this level often work for well-paying employers — major logistics companies, unionized positions at UPS (where top-scale package car drivers earn over $40/hour under the 2023-2028 Teamsters contract [13]), or medical/pharmaceutical delivery operations. Others operate in high-cost metro areas or have taken on route leadership responsibilities like training new hires or managing daily dispatch logistics.
The 90th percentile ($59,730) represents the top tier [1]. These drivers typically combine multiple advantages: years of experience, specialized certifications (CDL Class A or B with hazmat and tanker endorsements), premium industry employment, and high-demand geographic markets. Some have transitioned into driver-trainer or lead driver roles while still classified under this occupation code.
The mean (average) annual wage sits at $39,670 [1], which is slightly higher than the median. This upward skew tells you that high earners at the top pull the average up — a good sign that there's real money available for drivers who position themselves strategically.
How Does Location Affect Delivery Driver Salary?
Geography is one of the most powerful salary levers for delivery drivers, and it works in two directions: cost of living and regional demand. Understanding this interplay helps you make relocation or commuting decisions that actually increase your disposable income — not just your gross pay.
Metropolitan areas with high population density generate more delivery volume, more route complexity, and more competition for reliable drivers. That translates directly into higher pay. Conversely, rural areas and smaller cities tend to offer lower wages, though the cost of living often offsets some of that difference.
High-paying states for delivery drivers tend to cluster along the coasts and in regions with major logistics hubs. According to BLS OES data, states like Washington (annual mean wage $49,580), California ($44,070), New York ($45,310), Massachusetts ($44,860), and New Jersey ($43,740) consistently rank among the top-paying for SOC 53-3031 [1]. These states combine high demand with higher minimum wages and stronger labor protections.
Major metro areas push pay even higher. Drivers working in the Seattle, San Francisco, New York City, Boston, and Los Angeles metro areas can earn well above the national 75th percentile of $47,590 [1]. The tradeoff is a higher cost of living — but the premium often outpaces the cost difference, especially for drivers who live just outside these expensive cores and commute to their distribution centers. A driver based in Riverside, CA, commuting to an Amazon fulfillment center in the Inland Empire, captures much of the California wage premium while paying significantly less in rent than a driver living in Los Angeles proper.
Lower-paying regions include parts of the South and rural Midwest, where median wages may fall closer to the 25th percentile of $29,120 [1]. However, these areas also tend to have significantly lower housing, transportation, and food costs. A driver earning $30,000 in rural Mississippi may have more disposable income than one earning $42,000 in San Francisco.
The strategic play: If you're willing to relocate or commute, targeting a distribution hub in a high-paying metro area can boost your earnings by $10,000-$15,000 annually [1]. Major logistics corridors — areas near Amazon fulfillment centers (over 110 in the U.S.), FedEx hubs (Memphis, Indianapolis, Oakland), UPS distribution facilities (Louisville, Dallas, Chicago), and regional grocery distribution centers — tend to cluster higher-paying positions because of the sheer volume of packages moving through them.
Before accepting a position, research the specific metro area's wage data through the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics [1] and compare it against local cost-of-living indexes from the Bureau of Economic Analysis [16]. A $5,000 raise means nothing if your rent increases by $8,000.
How Does Experience Impact Delivery Driver Earnings?
The typical entry education for delivery drivers is a high school diploma or equivalent, with short-term on-the-job training required [7]. That low barrier to entry is one of the profession's strengths — but it also means your earning trajectory depends heavily on what you do after you get hired. Think of your career as a series of credential and performance gates, each one unlocking a higher pay band.
Year 1 (Entry-Level): $21,760 – $29,120 [1] You're learning routes, building your safety record, and proving reliability. Most employers start drivers near the 10th-25th percentile range. Your primary goal during this phase is zero accidents, zero missed deliveries, and consistent attendance. Start tracking your metrics from day one — delivery count, on-time percentage, customer complaints (or lack thereof), miles driven without incident. These numbers become your negotiating ammunition later. Many fleet managers use telematics platforms like Samsara, Geotab, or KeepTruckin (now Motive) to track driver performance; ask your supervisor for access to your own scorecards.
Years 2-5 (Mid-Career): $29,120 – $37,130 [1] With a clean record and demonstrated efficiency, you move toward the median. This is when strategic certifications pay off. Earning a Commercial Driver's License (CDL) — either Class B for single vehicles over 26,001 lbs or Class A for tractor-trailers and combination vehicles — opens doors to larger vehicles and higher-paying routes [7]. The CDL testing process typically costs $50-$200 for the permit and skills test through your state DMV, though many employers (FedEx Freight, Sysco, XPO Logistics) offer tuition reimbursement or company-sponsored CDL training programs. Beyond the CDL, consider these endorsements and credentials:
- Hazmat (H) endorsement: Required for transporting hazardous materials; involves a TSA background check and written exam. Opens access to chemical, fuel, and pharmaceutical delivery roles that pay 10-20% above standard routes [7].
- Tanker (N) endorsement: Required for liquid bulk transport; stackable with hazmat for the "X" combination endorsement.
- National Safety Council Defensive Driving Course: A two-day course (~$50-$100) that many insurers and employers recognize as a risk-reduction credential.
- OSHA 10-Hour General Industry certification: Useful for drivers who handle warehouse loading/unloading; demonstrates safety awareness beyond the cab.
- Forklift operator certification: Typically a one-day course through your employer or a community college; required for many wholesale and manufacturing delivery roles where drivers unload their own trucks.
Years 5-10 (Experienced): $37,130 – $47,590 [1] Experienced drivers with specialized credentials, leadership responsibilities (training new hires, managing route logistics), or union seniority often reach the 75th percentile. At this stage, your route knowledge, customer relationships, and operational efficiency make you significantly more valuable than a new hire. A seasoned driver who knows that Building C at the hospital complex only accepts deliveries before 7 AM, or that the loading dock at the downtown restaurant requires a 90-degree blind-side back, saves the company failed delivery attempts and redelivery costs. That institutional knowledge is difficult to replace and worth quantifying when you negotiate.
Years 10+ (Senior/Specialized): $47,590 – $59,730 [1] Top earners have typically combined deep experience with the right industry, the right location, and the right certifications. Some transition into dispatch, fleet coordination, or logistics management roles that build on their driving foundation while pushing compensation even higher. Others stay behind the wheel but move into premium niches: white-glove furniture delivery, medical specimen transport, or dedicated contract routes for high-value clients. At this level, your DOT safety record (accessible via your Pre-Employment Screening Program report from FMCSA) becomes a tangible asset — a clean PSP report covering five years of inspections and three years of crash data makes you a lower insurance liability for any carrier [9].
Which Industries Pay Delivery Drivers the Most?
Not all delivery jobs are created equal. The industry you work in can be the single biggest factor in your paycheck — even more than experience or location in some cases. Here's how the major sectors compare, and why the pay gaps exist.
Courier and express delivery services (FedEx, UPS, and similar carriers) tend to pay above the national median, particularly for full-time positions with benefits [1]. Unionized positions at UPS are among the highest-paying delivery driver roles in the country. Under the 2023-2028 Teamsters National Master Agreement, UPS package car drivers reach a top rate exceeding $40 per hour, with overtime, pension contributions, and fully employer-paid healthcare [13]. The reason: UPS drivers handle high daily stop counts (often 150-250 stops per day), navigate complex residential and commercial routes, and operate under strict service-level agreements. That intensity justifies the premium.
Wholesale trade and manufacturing companies that employ their own delivery fleets often pay premium wages because they need drivers who understand their products, handle specialized equipment, and maintain customer relationships [1]. A driver delivering industrial parts for Grainger or Fastenal, or restaurant supplies for Sysco or US Foods, typically earns more than one delivering standard parcels. These roles often require CDL Class B, the ability to operate a liftgate and pallet jack, and product knowledge that takes months to develop. The BLS reports that drivers in wholesale trade earn mean wages above the all-industry average for this occupation [1].
Healthcare and pharmaceutical delivery is a growing niche that commands higher pay due to the sensitivity of the cargo, regulatory requirements, and the need for temperature-controlled transport. Drivers in this space often need additional certifications — including HIPAA awareness training for patient-related materials, cold chain handling procedures, and enhanced background checks (often including fingerprinting and drug screening beyond standard DOT requirements). Companies like McKesson, Cardinal Health, and AmerisourceBergen hire dedicated delivery drivers at rates that frequently reach the 75th percentile or higher [1].
Grocery and food distribution has expanded dramatically, with companies like Sysco, US Foods, Performance Food Group, and regional distributors paying experienced drivers at or above the 75th percentile ($47,590) [1]. These roles often involve 3:00-4:00 AM start times, heavy lifting (cases weighing 20-80 lbs, with daily totals sometimes exceeding 700 cases), and CDL Class A or B requirements — the physical demands and early hours justify the higher compensation. Many food distribution companies also offer per-stop bonuses on top of hourly pay, which can add $5,000-$10,000 annually for high-volume routes.
Gig economy platforms (DoorDash, Uber Eats, Amazon Flex, Instacart) typically fall at the lower end of the pay spectrum when you account for vehicle expenses, fuel, insurance, maintenance, and self-employment taxes (15.3% for Social Security and Medicare alone [17]). While the flexibility appeals to many drivers, the effective hourly rate after expenses often lands below the 25th percentile. A 2022 study from the Economic Policy Institute found that gig workers' net compensation, after accounting for vehicle costs and lack of employer-provided benefits, is substantially lower than comparable W-2 employment [10]. If you're currently driving gig and want to increase your earnings, the most impactful move is often transitioning to a W-2 position with a traditional carrier or distributor.
How Should a Delivery Driver Negotiate Salary?
Many delivery drivers assume their pay is fixed — that the rate on the job posting is the rate, take it or leave it. That assumption costs you money. Even in roles with structured pay scales, there's almost always room to negotiate starting step placement, sign-on bonuses, or accelerated progression — especially when you bring documented value to the table.
Know your market rate before the conversation. Pull BLS wage data for your specific metro area using the OES query tool [1], check current postings on Indeed [4] and LinkedIn [5] for comparable roles in your region, and review Glassdoor salary reports for specific employers [12]. Walk into any negotiation with three numbers: the minimum you'll accept, your target, and your stretch goal. Base all three on data, not feelings. For example, if BLS shows the 50th percentile for your metro at $39,000 and you hold a CDL with five years of experience, your target should be the 60th-75th percentile range — not the median.
Lead with your safety record. For delivery drivers, nothing speaks louder than an accident-free driving history. If you have two, five, or ten years without an incident, that's not just a nice detail — it represents thousands of dollars in reduced insurance premiums and liability risk for your employer. Fleet insurance costs are directly tied to driver safety records; the FMCSA's CSA (Compliance, Safety, Accountability) scores affect carrier insurance rates, and every preventable accident a driver avoids keeps those scores favorable [9]. Quantify it: "I've completed over 15,000 deliveries across three years with zero preventable accidents and a 99.2% on-time rate — here's my PSP report."
Highlight your certifications and endorsements. A CDL, hazmat endorsement, or National Safety Council Defensive Driving certificate immediately separates you from the general applicant pool. These credentials take time and money to earn, and employers know that hiring a pre-certified driver saves them $3,000-$7,000 in training costs and 4-8 weeks of reduced productivity [7]. Use that leverage.
Emphasize route knowledge and efficiency. If you know the local area inside and out — traffic patterns, loading dock access points, customer receiving hours, parking restrictions, bridge weight limits — that institutional knowledge has real dollar value. New hires take weeks or months to develop this expertise. Frame it as a cost savings: "I can run this route 15% faster than a new driver because I already know the optimal stop sequencing, and I know which customers need liftgate delivery versus dock-height access."
Negotiate beyond the hourly rate. If the base pay has a hard ceiling, push on other fronts: sign-on bonuses (common in the current market — Indeed job postings for delivery drivers frequently advertise $1,000-$5,000 sign-on bonuses [4]), earlier eligibility for raises, preferred route assignments, overtime priority, or accelerated benefits enrollment. Many employers have more flexibility on these items than on the base rate [11]. For unionized positions, negotiate your starting step — if you have verifiable experience at another carrier, many union contracts allow credit for prior service that places you higher on the pay scale.
Time your ask strategically. The best moments to negotiate are during the initial offer (before you accept), at your annual review, or after you've earned a new certification or hit a performance milestone. Don't wait for your employer to notice your value — present it proactively with documentation. Bring a one-page summary of your metrics: deliveries completed, on-time percentage, safety record, certifications earned, and any cost savings you've generated (fuel efficiency improvements, reduced vehicle damage claims, customer retention).
Use the growth projections in your favor. With 8.8% job growth projected through 2032 and roughly 51,300 annual openings [8], employers face real competition for reliable drivers. Driver turnover in the delivery and trucking industry remains high — the American Trucking Associations has reported annualized turnover rates exceeding 90% for large truckload carriers [18]. If you're a proven performer with a clean record, remind your employer (tactfully) that replacing you costs far more than retaining you at a higher rate. Recruitment, onboarding, training, and the productivity ramp-up for a new driver can cost an employer $8,000-$12,000 per hire [18].
What Benefits Matter Beyond Delivery Driver Base Salary?
Base pay tells only part of the story. For delivery drivers, total compensation often includes benefits that add significant value — BLS employer cost data shows that benefits average 29.4% of total compensation across all private-industry workers [15]. Some of these benefits matter more in delivery driving than in almost any other profession because of the physical demands and vehicle-dependent nature of the work.
Health insurance is the big one. Delivery driving is physically demanding work with real injury risk — repetitive lifting, prolonged sitting, exposure to weather, and traffic hazards. Employer-sponsored health coverage — especially plans with low deductibles and good orthopedic/physical therapy coverage — can be worth $5,000-$15,000 annually depending on plan tier (individual vs. family) and employer contribution level, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation's annual employer health benefits survey [19]. Always compare the quality of health plans, not just whether they exist. A plan with a $500 deductible and $20 specialist copays is worth thousands more per year than one with a $5,000 deductible and 40% coinsurance — especially when your job involves daily physical strain.
Vehicle and fuel provisions vary widely and deserve careful scrutiny during offer evaluation. Some employers provide company vehicles, fuel cards, and full maintenance coverage. Others expect you to use your own vehicle with a mileage reimbursement (the IRS standard mileage rate for 2024 is $0.67 per mile [17]). The difference between these two models can easily represent $3,000-$8,000 per year in out-of-pocket costs when you factor in depreciation, insurance premium increases for commercial use, tires, oil changes, and fuel above the reimbursement amount. Factor this into any offer comparison — a job paying $2/hour less but providing a company vehicle may net you more money.
Retirement contributions — particularly employer-matched 401(k) plans — build long-term wealth that hourly rate comparisons miss entirely. A 4% employer match on a $37,130 salary adds nearly $1,500 per year in free money [1]. Over a 20-year career with modest investment growth, that match alone can accumulate to over $60,000. Unionized positions often include defined-benefit pension plans, which are increasingly rare in the private sector and represent substantial long-term value.
Overtime and holiday pay can significantly boost annual earnings. Drivers at companies with consistent overtime availability (peak seasons like November-January, Prime Day events, holiday rushes) often earn 15-25% above their base annual rate. Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, non-exempt delivery drivers must receive 1.5x their regular rate for hours exceeding 40 per week [17]. Ask about overtime policies and historical availability during interviews — a company that regularly offers 5-10 hours of weekly overtime effectively increases your annual earnings by $7,000-$14,000 at the median wage.
Paid time off, disability insurance, and life insurance round out a strong benefits package. Given the physical nature of the work, short-term and long-term disability coverage deserves special attention — an injury that sidelines you for months without disability insurance can be financially devastating. Ask specifically about the elimination period (how long before benefits begin), the benefit percentage (typically 50-70% of base pay), and the maximum benefit duration.
Union membership, where available, typically delivers higher wages, better benefits, stronger job protections, and defined pension plans. Unionized delivery driver positions — particularly at UPS (Teamsters), certain Sysco and US Foods locations, and some regional grocery distributors — consistently rank among the best-compensated in the field [13]. Union dues (typically 2-2.5x your hourly rate per month) are far outweighed by the wage and benefit premiums these contracts secure.
Key Takeaways
Delivery driver salaries range from $21,760 at the entry level to $59,730 for top earners, with a national median of $37,130 [1]. Your position within that range depends on four controllable factors: your location, your industry, your certifications, and how effectively you negotiate.
The field is growing at 8.8% through 2032 [8], which means demand for reliable, skilled drivers will remain strong. That demand is your leverage — use it.
To maximize your earning potential: target high-paying industries (wholesale, healthcare, unionized carriers), invest in a CDL or specialized endorsements, build a documented track record of safety and efficiency, and negotiate with data rather than hope.
Your resume is the first place all of this comes together. If it reads like a generic job description instead of a performance record, you're leaving money on the table before you even get to the interview. Resume Geni can help you build a delivery driver resume that highlights the metrics, certifications, and experience that hiring managers actually pay more for.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the average Delivery Driver salary?
The mean (average) annual salary for delivery drivers is $39,670, while the median annual salary is $37,130 [1]. The median is generally a more reliable benchmark because it isn't skewed by extremely high or low earners. The median hourly wage is $17.85 [1].
How much do entry-level Delivery Drivers make?
Entry-level delivery drivers typically earn near the 10th percentile, which is $21,760 annually [1]. With short-term on-the-job training and a clean driving record, most drivers move past this level within their first year [7]. Drivers who obtain a CDL during their first year can accelerate this progression significantly.
What is the highest salary a Delivery Driver can earn?
Drivers at the 90th percentile earn $59,730 annually [1]. Reaching this level typically requires a combination of extensive experience, specialized certifications (such as a CDL Class A or B with hazmat endorsement), employment in a high-paying industry like wholesale distribution or unionized courier services, and working in a premium geographic market. Unionized UPS drivers at top scale exceed this figure with overtime [13].
Do Delivery Drivers need a CDL to earn more?
A CDL isn't required for most standard delivery driver positions, which typically require only a high school diploma and short-term on-the-job training [7]. However, earning a CDL opens access to larger vehicles (over 26,001 lbs GVWR), specialized cargo, and higher-paying roles that can push your earnings from the median toward the 75th or 90th percentile [1]. Many employers offer CDL training programs or tuition reimbursement, making the investment minimal out of pocket.
Is Delivery Driver a growing career field?
Yes. The BLS projects 8.8% growth for light truck and delivery services drivers from 2022 to 2032, with approximately 39,800 new jobs and 51,300 annual openings (including replacements for workers who transfer to other occupations or exit the labor force) [8]. This growth rate exceeds the average for all occupations, driven by the continued expansion of e-commerce and direct-to-consumer delivery [15].
How can I increase my Delivery Driver salary without changing jobs?
Focus on three areas: earn additional certifications (CDL, hazmat endorsement, OSHA 10-Hour, defensive driving), build a documented safety and performance record (on-time rates, delivery volumes, zero preventable accidents), and negotiate proactively at your annual review using market data from the BLS [1] and current job postings [4][5]. Volunteering for overtime, peak-season shifts, and driver-trainer responsibilities also boosts your annual earnings. If your company uses telematics (Samsara, Motive, Geotab), request access to your performance data so you can quantify your value with hard numbers.
Are tips included in Delivery Driver salary data?
BLS wage data captures base wages and does not consistently account for tips [1]. For drivers in roles where tipping is common (food delivery, furniture delivery, certain courier services), actual take-home pay may exceed the reported figures. However, tip income varies significantly and shouldn't be relied upon as a stable component of your compensation. When comparing offers, base your decision on guaranteed wages and benefits rather than estimated tip income.
References
[1] U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2023: 53-3031 Driver/Sales Workers and Truck Drivers." https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes533031.htm
[4] Indeed. "Indeed Job Listings: Delivery Driver." https://www.indeed.com/jobs?q=Delivery+Driver
[5] LinkedIn. "LinkedIn Job Listings: Delivery Driver." https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/search/?keywords=Delivery+Driver
[7] U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Occupational Outlook Handbook: Delivery Truck Drivers and Driver/Sales Workers." https://www.bls.gov/ooh/transportation-and-material-moving/delivery-truck-drivers-and-driver-sales-workers.htm
[8] U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Employment Projections: 2022-2032 Summary." https://www.bls.gov/emp/
[9] Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. "Pre-Employment Screening Program (PSP)." https://www.psp.fmcsa.dot.gov/
[10] Economic Policy Institute. "Gig Worker Compensation and Working Conditions." https://www.epi.org/publication/gig-worker-compensation/
[11] Indeed Career Guide. "Salary Negotiation Tips." https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/pay-salary/salary-negotiation-tips
[12] Glassdoor. "Glassdoor Salaries: Delivery Driver." https://www.glassdoor.com/Salaries/Delivery+Driver-salary-SRCH_KO0,15.htm
[13] International Brotherhood of Teamsters. "UPS Teamsters National Master Agreement 2023-2028." https://teamster.org/ups-contract/
[14] National Association of Colleges and Employers. "Employers Rate Career Readiness Competencies." https://www.naceweb.org/talent-acquisition/candidate-selection/employers-rate-career-readiness-competencies/
[15] U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation." https://www.bls.gov/news.release/ecec.nr0.htm
[16] U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. "Regional Price Parities by State." https://www.bea.gov/data/prices-inflation/regional-price-parities-state-and-metro-area
[17] Internal Revenue Service. "Standard Mileage Rates and Self-Employment Tax." https://www.irs.gov/tax-professionals/standard-mileage-rates
[18] American Trucking Associations. "Driver Shortage Update and Turnover Data." https://www.trucking.org/economics-and-industry-data
[19] Kaiser Family Foundation. "Employer Health Benefits Annual Survey." https://www.kff.org/health-costs/report/employer-health-benefits-annual-survey/