Essential Skills for Social Media Managers: A Complete Guide

With 280,590 professionals employed across the U.S. and a median salary of $69,780, social media management has matured from a supplementary marketing function into a discipline that demands a genuinely hybrid skill set — part data analyst, part creative director, part crisis communicator [1]. (Note: BLS classifies this role under SOC 27-3031, "Public Relations Specialists," which encompasses social media managers alongside PR professionals. Dedicated social media manager data is limited, so figures here reflect that broader category.)

Key Takeaways

• Hard skills drive hiring decisions: Platform-native analytics, paid media management, and content production tools appear consistently among the most-requested qualifications in social media manager job postings on Indeed and LinkedIn [5][6].
• Soft skills determine longevity: Brand voice stewardship, cross-functional collaboration, and real-time judgment under pressure separate managers who last from those who burn out.
• Certifications validate expertise: Industry-recognized credentials from Meta, Google, and HubSpot signal proficiency that employers trust — especially when paired with portfolio evidence. O*NET lists multiple relevant certifications for this occupation [12].
• The role is evolving fast: AI-assisted content creation, short-form video strategy, and social commerce are reshaping what "social media management" actually means, with the BLS projecting 6% job growth from 2022 to 2032 — about as fast as the average for all occupations — and roughly 27,400 annual openings [2][9].
• Continuous learning isn't optional: Platform algorithms, ad products, and content formats change quarterly. Stale skills cost you relevance.

What Hard Skills Do Social Media Managers Need?

Hiring managers scanning resumes for social media roles look for evidence of specific, measurable capabilities — not vague claims about "social media expertise." An analysis of current job postings on Indeed and LinkedIn reveals consistent patterns in required qualifications [5][6]. Here are the hard skills that matter most, organized by proficiency level.

1. Social Media Platform Management — Advanced

You need native fluency across Meta (Facebook/Instagram), LinkedIn, X (Twitter), TikTok, Pinterest, and YouTube. This means understanding each platform's algorithm, content formats, posting cadences, and audience demographics — and knowing that a strategy optimized for Instagram's interest-graph discovery won't translate directly to LinkedIn's professional-network feed.

On your resume, list specific platforms managed and audience sizes (e.g., "Managed Instagram account from 12K to 85K followers in 18 months"). Specify whether growth was organic, paid, or blended — hiring managers at the senior level will ask.

2. Social Media Analytics & Reporting — Advanced

Interpreting engagement rates, reach, impressions, click-through rates, and conversion data is core to the role [7]. This is the most important hard skill because every other capability on this list generates data. Your ability to read that data, identify patterns, and translate findings into strategic decisions is what makes you valuable beyond content execution.

Proficiency in native analytics dashboards (Meta Business Suite, LinkedIn Analytics) plus third-party tools like Sprout Social, Hootsuite Analytics, or Google Analytics 4 is expected. Quantify results: "Increased organic engagement rate by 34% quarter-over-quarter through content mix optimization and posting time analysis."

How to develop this skill: Start by exporting weekly reports from one platform's native dashboard. Practice identifying which metrics moved and hypothesizing why. Then graduate to cross-platform reporting in Google Sheets or Looker Studio, comparing performance across channels with normalized metrics (engagement rate rather than raw likes, for instance). Within 90 days of consistent practice, you'll spot patterns that inform content strategy rather than just describe past performance.

3. Paid Social Advertising — Intermediate to Advanced

Most social media manager roles now require hands-on experience with Meta Ads Manager, LinkedIn Campaign Manager, or TikTok Ads [5][6]. You should understand audience targeting (custom audiences, lookalikes, interest-based segments), A/B testing methodology, budget optimization, and ROAS calculation.

The distinction between agency and in-house roles matters here: agency social media managers typically manage multiple client budgets ranging from $5K to $100K+/month across verticals, while in-house managers go deeper on a single brand's funnel. Tailor your resume accordingly.

Resume proof: "Managed $15K/month Meta ad budget with 4.2x average ROAS across prospecting and retargeting campaigns."

4. Content Creation & Visual Design — Intermediate

You don't need to be a professional designer, but you do need to produce scroll-stopping content using tools like Canva, Adobe Creative Suite (Photoshop, Illustrator, Premiere Pro), or CapCut. Short-form video editing (Reels, TikToks, Shorts) has become a baseline expectation — not a bonus skill.

Proficiency progression: At the basic level, you can create branded static posts in Canva using templates. At intermediate, you're shooting and editing vertical video with transitions, text overlays, and trending audio. At advanced, you're directing multi-format content shoots and repurposing a single asset into 5-8 platform-specific pieces. Demonstrate this with a portfolio link on your resume.

5. Copywriting for Social — Advanced

Writing platform-specific copy is a distinct skill. A LinkedIn thought leadership post (1,200+ words, professional tone, insight-driven) requires a completely different approach than an Instagram caption (concise, personality-forward, CTA-driven) or a TikTok hook (first 2 seconds, pattern-interrupt, conversational). Show range by noting the types of content you've written and any performance metrics tied to copy — e.g., "Wrote email-capture CTA copy that achieved 3.1% link click-through rate vs. 1.2% account average."

6. Social Media Scheduling & Publishing Tools — Intermediate

Proficiency in tools like Hootsuite, Buffer, Sprout Social, or Later demonstrates operational efficiency [7]. List specific tools in your skills section — recruiters and applicant tracking systems often use these as keyword filters. Know the differences: Sprout Social excels at enterprise-level reporting and social listening, Later is strongest for visual planning on Instagram and TikTok, and Hootsuite offers the broadest platform integration.

7. SEO & Social Search Optimization — Intermediate

Social platforms increasingly function as search engines — 40% of Gen Z users prefer TikTok or Instagram over Google for local searches, according to Google's own internal research. Understanding keyword research, hashtag strategy, alt text optimization, and content discoverability (especially on TikTok, YouTube, and Pinterest) sets you apart. Mention specific SEO tools you've used (Semrush, Ahrefs, Google Search Console) alongside social platforms.

8. Community Management — Intermediate to Advanced

Responding to comments, managing DMs, moderating user-generated content, and escalating issues requires both speed and judgment [7]. This skill becomes critical during product launches, PR incidents, and viral moments. Quantify community growth and response time metrics on your resume: "Reduced average response time from 4 hours to 45 minutes while managing 200+ daily community interactions."

9. Influencer & Creator Collaboration — Intermediate

Identifying, vetting, negotiating with, and managing influencer partnerships is a growing requirement [6]. The skill isn't just finding creators — it's evaluating audience authenticity (spotting inflated follower counts), negotiating usage rights and deliverables, and measuring campaign ROI beyond vanity metrics. Note campaign scale: "Coordinated 25+ micro-influencer partnerships ($500-$2,500 per creator) generating 2M+ impressions and 14,000 link clicks."

10. Social Listening & Sentiment Analysis — Intermediate

Tools like Brandwatch, Mention, Sprinklr, or Talkwalker help you monitor brand perception, track competitors, and identify trends before they peak. This skill bridges social media management and strategic marketing intelligence — and it's what makes you useful in executive-level conversations about brand health and market positioning.

11. CRM & Marketing Automation Integration — Basic to Intermediate

Understanding how social media feeds into broader marketing funnels — connecting platforms to HubSpot, Salesforce, or Mailchimp via UTM parameters, lead forms, and conversion APIs — demonstrates strategic thinking beyond posting content. This skill is particularly valued in B2B social media roles and in-house positions where marketing attribution matters.

12. Data Visualization — Basic to Intermediate

Translating raw analytics into clear stakeholder reports using Google Sheets, Looker Studio (formerly Data Studio), Excel, or Tableau shows you can communicate impact to leadership, not just execute tactics. The mental model: your audience for reports is a VP who has 5 minutes and cares about pipeline contribution, not a fellow social media manager who appreciates a good engagement rate.

What Soft Skills Matter for Social Media Managers?

Technical proficiency gets you the interview. These role-specific soft skills get you the offer — and the promotion.

Brand Voice Stewardship

Every post you publish represents the organization's identity. You need the judgment to maintain a consistent brand voice across platforms while adapting tone for each audience. This isn't generic "communication skills" — it's the ability to sound like the brand, not like yourself, across thousands of touchpoints. A practical test: could someone read your posts across Instagram, LinkedIn, and TikTok and recognize them as the same brand without seeing the logo?

How to build this skill: Create a brand voice document with three columns — "We sound like," "We don't sound like," and "Platform-specific adaptations." Audit every post against it for 30 days until the voice becomes instinctive.

Real-Time Crisis Judgment

When a product recall trends on X or an employee's TikTok goes viral for the wrong reasons, you're the first responder. Social media managers need the composure to pause scheduled content, draft holding statements, and escalate appropriately — often within minutes, not hours. The difference between a managed incident and a full-blown crisis frequently comes down to the first 30 minutes of social response.

How to build this skill: Develop a crisis response playbook before you need one. Map out scenarios (negative press, product issues, employee conduct, data breaches), pre-draft template responses, and establish an escalation chain with legal, PR, and executive contacts. Run a tabletop exercise quarterly.

Cross-Functional Collaboration

You'll work with product teams, legal, customer service, sales, HR, and executive leadership — often simultaneously [7]. The ability to translate marketing objectives into language each department understands (and to push back diplomatically when legal wants to gut your copy) is essential. In practice, this means learning enough about each stakeholder's priorities to frame social media results in their terms: customer service cares about ticket deflection, sales cares about lead quality, and the CEO cares about brand perception relative to competitors.

Creative Resilience

You'll pitch ideas that get rejected. You'll produce content that underperforms. Algorithms will change the day after you've finally figured them out. The ability to iterate quickly without taking poor performance personally keeps you productive and sane. Treat every underperforming post as a data point, not a failure — then adjust the variable (hook, format, timing, audience) and test again.

Audience Empathy

Great social media managers think like their audience, not like their brand. This means understanding what your followers actually care about, what language they use, and what makes them stop scrolling — then building content around those insights rather than internal priorities. One practical method: spend 15 minutes daily reading comments on your own posts and competitors' posts. The language your audience uses in comments is the language your content should mirror.

Trend Discernment

Not every trend deserves your brand's participation. The skill here isn't spotting trends (anyone with a FYP can do that) — it's knowing which ones align with your brand and which will make you look like you're trying too hard. This requires cultural awareness and strategic restraint. A useful filter: Does this trend let us reinforce something we already stand for, or are we bending our identity to fit a moment?

Stakeholder Reporting & Storytelling

Executives don't care about impressions. They care about pipeline, revenue, and brand equity. Translating social metrics into business impact narratives — and presenting them confidently to leadership — is what separates a social media manager from a social media coordinator. Frame every report around the question: "So what?" If your engagement rate increased 20%, what did that mean for website traffic, lead generation, or brand search volume?

Time Management Under Content Pressure

You're managing an editorial calendar, responding to real-time events, running ad campaigns, and reporting on results — all simultaneously. Ruthless prioritization and the discipline to batch similar tasks keep you from drowning in notifications. A practical framework: block your calendar into creation time (camera off, notifications off), community management windows (reactive, high-attention), and strategy/reporting blocks (analytical, reflective). Protect creation time aggressively — it's the first thing that gets cannibalized.

What Certifications Should Social Media Managers Pursue?

Certifications won't replace a strong portfolio, but they validate your knowledge to employers who need to justify hiring decisions — especially at the $95,940+ salary range where the 75th percentile of earners in this occupation sit [1]. O*NET lists several relevant credentials for professionals in this field [12].

Meta Certified Digital Marketing Associate

• Issuer: Meta
• Prerequisites: None; recommended for professionals with foundational advertising knowledge
• Renewal: Recertification required annually
• Career Impact: Validates proficiency in Meta's advertising ecosystem, which remains the largest paid social platform by advertiser count. Particularly valuable for roles emphasizing Facebook and Instagram ad management. The exam covers campaign structure, audience targeting, optimization, and measurement.

Google Analytics Individual Qualification (GAIQ) / GA4 Certification

• Issuer: Google (via Skillshop)
• Prerequisites: None
• Renewal: Expires after 12 months; retake required
• Career Impact: Demonstrates your ability to connect social media efforts to website traffic, conversions, and revenue — a critical skill gap many social media managers have. With the migration to Google Analytics 4, earning the updated GA4 certification signals current proficiency. Free to earn.

HubSpot Social Media Marketing Certification

• Issuer: HubSpot Academy
• Prerequisites: None
• Renewal: Certification valid for 25 months
• Career Impact: Covers social strategy, content creation, social listening, and ROI measurement. Free to earn, widely recognized, and signals a strategic (not just tactical) understanding of social media. Particularly useful for professionals in B2B or inbound marketing environments.

Hootsuite Social Marketing Certification

• Issuer: Hootsuite
• Prerequisites: None; paid exam (approximately $199)
• Renewal: Does not expire, but updated versions are released periodically
• Career Impact: Validates platform management skills and is recognized by employers who use Hootsuite as their primary scheduling tool. Solid entry-level credential that demonstrates operational competence [13].

Meta Certified Community Manager

• Issuer: Meta
• Prerequisites: Experience managing online communities
• Renewal: Annual recertification
• Career Impact: Specialized credential for roles emphasizing community building over advertising. Differentiates you from ad-focused candidates, particularly for brand-side roles at companies with active Facebook Groups or large Instagram communities.

X Ads Certification (formerly Twitter Flight School)

• Issuer: X (formerly Twitter)
• Prerequisites: None
• Renewal: Self-paced; no formal expiration
• Career Impact: Note that this program has undergone rebranding and restructuring following Twitter's transition to X. Verify current availability at ads.x.com before pursuing. When available, it's useful for roles at B2B companies, media organizations, or agencies with significant X ad spend. Given the platform's ongoing changes, pair this with stronger credentials from Meta or Google.

List certifications in a dedicated resume section with the full credential name, issuing organization, and date earned. Remove expired certifications unless you note active recertification status.

How Can Social Media Managers Develop New Skills?

Listing skills matters, but knowing how to build them — systematically and efficiently — is what separates professionals who grow from those who plateau. Here's a development framework organized by learning method, with specific actions for each.

Professional Associations

The American Marketing Association (AMA) and the Social Media Association offer webinars, conferences, and networking opportunities that keep you connected to industry shifts. The AMA's PCM (Professional Certified Marketer) credential adds weight to a senior-level resume and covers strategic marketing concepts that elevate your work beyond platform tactics.

Specific action: Attend one AMA or industry webinar per month and implement one takeaway in your next content cycle. Track whether the applied insight moved a metric.

Online Learning Platforms

Coursera, LinkedIn Learning, and Skillshare offer courses on everything from TikTok strategy to advanced Meta advertising. Prioritize courses that include hands-on projects — a certificate of completion means little without portfolio evidence.

Recommended learning paths by career stage:

• Entry-level (0-2 years): HubSpot Social Media Certification → Meta Blueprint Fundamentals → Google Analytics 4 Certification. Focus on building breadth.
• Mid-level (2-5 years): Advanced Meta Ads courses on Coursera → Data visualization with Looker Studio → Influencer marketing strategy. Focus on deepening specialization.
• Senior (5+ years): Marketing strategy courses (Kellogg or Wharton on Coursera) → Leadership and stakeholder management → Social commerce and attribution modeling. Focus on strategic elevation.

On-the-Job Learning Strategies

• Run experiments: Dedicate 10-15% of your content calendar to testing new formats, platforms, or messaging approaches. Structure each test with a hypothesis, a single variable, a success metric, and a minimum sample size. Document results in a shared testing log — this becomes both a learning tool and a portfolio asset.
• Audit competitors monthly: Analyze what's working for 3-5 competitors using a consistent framework: content format mix, posting frequency, engagement patterns, ad creative themes, and audience growth rate. Reverse-engineer their strategies and test adapted versions.
• Shadow adjacent teams: Spend time with your paid media, SEO, or email marketing colleagues. Understanding the full funnel makes you a stronger strategist. Specifically, ask to sit in on one paid media optimization session and one SEO keyword review per quarter.
• Conduct post-mortems: After every campaign, document what worked, what didn't, and what you'd change. Share these with your team. The discipline of structured reflection accelerates learning faster than any course.

Platform-Specific Resources

Meta Blueprint, TikTok Academy, LinkedIn Marketing Labs, and Pinterest Academy all offer free training directly from the platforms. These resources update frequently and reflect the latest algorithm changes and ad products — something third-party courses often lag behind on. Bookmark each platform's official blog and changelog; algorithm updates often appear there before they're covered by marketing publications.

Build in Public

Manage a personal brand account where you test strategies, document learnings, and showcase your thinking. This doubles as a living portfolio that demonstrates skills more convincingly than any bullet point. Choose a niche you're genuinely interested in (not "social media tips for social media managers" — that's oversaturated) and commit to a 90-day content experiment with weekly performance reviews.

Why this works: Hiring managers can verify your claims in real time. A personal account with 2,000 engaged followers and documented growth strategies is more persuasive than a resume claiming "strong social media skills."

What Is the Skills Gap for Social Media Managers?

Emerging Skills in High Demand

AI-assisted content workflows top the list. Employers increasingly expect social media managers to use generative AI tools (ChatGPT, Midjourney, Jasper, Adobe Firefly) for ideation, copywriting drafts, image creation, and content repurposing — while maintaining brand quality and originality [5][6]. The skill isn't using AI; it's knowing how to prompt effectively, edit AI output to match brand voice, and identify when AI-generated content misses the mark. Think of AI as a first-draft machine that still requires an experienced editor.

Social commerce is another major gap. As Instagram Shops, TikTok Shop, and Pinterest's shoppable pins mature, social media managers who understand conversion rate optimization, product tagging, checkout funnel analytics, and platform-specific commerce features command premium salaries. This is where the role shifts from brand awareness to direct revenue generation — and where salary negotiation leverage increases significantly.

Short-form video production continues to outpace supply. Brands need managers who can concept, shoot, edit, and optimize vertical video content — not just schedule static posts. Specifically, the gap is in managers who can produce video at volume (15-20 pieces per week) while maintaining quality and strategic alignment.

Data storytelling and attribution rounds out the emerging skills. As marketing budgets face more scrutiny, social media managers who can demonstrate how their work contributes to pipeline and revenue — using multi-touch attribution models, UTM tracking, and CRM integration — become indispensable to leadership.

Skills Becoming Less Relevant

Manual scheduling and basic posting are table stakes, not differentiators. Organic reach on Facebook has declined steadily — most brand posts reach less than 5% of page followers — to the point where Facebook-only organic expertise carries little weight. Similarly, vanity metrics (raw follower counts, total likes) matter less to sophisticated employers than engagement rate, conversion data, and attributed revenue. If your resume leads with follower counts without context (growth rate, audience quality, business impact), you're signaling a junior mindset.

How the Role Is Evolving

The BLS projects 6% growth for the Public Relations Specialists occupation (SOC 27-3031) from 2022 to 2032, with approximately 27,400 annual openings driven by both expansion and replacement needs [2][9]. The trajectory is clear: social media managers are becoming full-funnel marketers responsible for brand awareness, community engagement, lead generation, and direct revenue.

This evolution creates two distinct career paths. The specialist path deepens expertise in one area — paid social, social commerce, or creator partnerships — and leads to roles like Head of Paid Social or Director of Influencer Marketing. The generalist path broadens into overall digital marketing strategy and leads to roles like Director of Digital Marketing or VP of Marketing. Both paths require moving beyond content creation into strategic, analytical, and commercial capabilities.

Professionals who stay narrowly focused on organic content creation without developing these adjacent skills will find themselves competing for a shrinking pool of junior roles where AI tools increasingly handle execution.

Key Takeaways

The social media manager skill set has expanded well beyond "posting content." Employers paying the median salary of $69,780 — and up to $129,480 at the 90th percentile — expect a blend of creative production, data analysis, paid media management, and strategic thinking [1].

Prioritize hard skills that are measurable and demonstrable: platform analytics, paid advertising, and content creation tools. Pair them with role-specific soft skills like brand voice stewardship, crisis judgment, and stakeholder storytelling. Pursue certifications from Meta, Google, and HubSpot to validate your expertise, and invest in emerging capabilities like AI-assisted workflows, social commerce, and data storytelling.

Your resume should reflect this breadth. Quantify everything — follower growth, engagement rates, ad ROAS, campaign reach, revenue attributed — and link to a portfolio that shows your work in action. Resume Geni's builder can help you structure these skills into a format that passes ATS screening and catches a hiring manager's eye.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the most important hard skill for a Social Media Manager?

Social media analytics and reporting. Every other skill — content creation, paid advertising, community management — generates data. Your ability to interpret that data, identify what's working, and translate findings into strategic decisions is what makes you valuable beyond content execution [7]. Start by mastering one platform's native analytics, then expand to cross-platform reporting and attribution.

How much do Social Media Managers earn?

Under the BLS classification for Public Relations Specialists (SOC 27-3031), which includes social media managers, the median annual wage is $69,780. The 25th percentile earns $51,970, the 75th percentile earns $95,940, and the top 10% earn $129,480 or more [1]. Salaries vary significantly by industry, geography, and whether the role is agency-side or in-house. Social media managers with paid advertising and analytics expertise typically command salaries at the higher end of this range.

Do Social Media Managers need a degree?

The BLS lists a bachelor's degree as the typical entry-level education requirement for this occupation [2]. Common fields include marketing, communications, journalism, and public relations. However, a strong portfolio and relevant certifications can offset a non-traditional educational background, especially at agencies and startups where demonstrated results carry more weight than credentials.

What certifications are most valuable for Social Media Managers?

The Meta Certified Digital Marketing Associate and HubSpot Social Media Marketing Certification are the most widely recognized. Google Analytics 4 certification is also highly valued because it demonstrates your ability to connect social efforts to business outcomes. O*NET lists these among relevant credentials for the occupation [12]. Prioritize certifications that align with your target role — Meta certifications for paid social roles, HubSpot for inbound/B2B roles, Google Analytics for data-focused positions.

Is Social Media Management a growing field?

Yes. The BLS projects 6% growth for the Public Relations Specialists occupation (which includes social media managers) from 2022 to 2032, with approximately 27,400 annual job openings [2][9]. Growth is driven by increasing business investment in digital marketing, the expansion of social commerce, and the growing complexity of managing brand presence across multiple platforms.

What tools should Social Media Managers know?

At minimum: one scheduling platform (Hootsuite, Sprout Social, or Buffer), one design tool (Canva or Adobe Creative Suite), one video editing tool (CapCut or Premiere Rush), and native analytics dashboards for each major platform you manage. At the intermediate level, add a social listening tool (Brandwatch or Mention), Google Analytics 4, and a data visualization tool (Looker Studio or Tableau). Current job postings consistently list these tools among required or preferred qualifications [5][6].

How can I transition into Social Media Management from another role?

Start by managing social accounts for a small business, nonprofit, or your own personal brand. Earn free certifications from HubSpot and Meta to build foundational knowledge. Document measurable results from every project — even volunteer work — and build a portfolio that demonstrates platform fluency, creative range, and analytical thinking. The most successful career changers come from adjacent fields (content marketing, PR, journalism, customer service) and can frame their existing skills as transferable: writers bring copywriting ability, customer service professionals bring community management instincts, and PR professionals bring crisis communication experience [2][7].

What's the difference between agency and in-house social media roles?

Agency roles typically involve managing 3-8 client accounts simultaneously, require rapid context-switching between brand voices, and emphasize breadth of platform experience and client communication skills. In-house roles focus deeply on one brand, offer more strategic influence, and typically involve closer collaboration with product, sales, and executive teams. Agency experience builds speed and versatility; in-house experience builds depth and strategic thinking. Early-career professionals often start at agencies to build a diverse portfolio, then move in-house for specialization and work-life balance.

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References

[1] U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2023: 27-3031 Public Relations Specialists." https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes273031.htm

[2] U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Occupational Outlook Handbook: Public Relations Specialists." https://www.bls.gov/ooh/media-and-communication/public-relations-specialists.htm

[5] Indeed. "Social Media Manager Job Postings." https://www.indeed.com/jobs?q=Social+Media+Manager

[6] LinkedIn. "Social Media Manager Job Postings." https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/search/?keywords=Social+Media+Manager

[7] O*NET OnLine. "Summary Report for 27-3031.00 — Public Relations Specialists." https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/27-3031.00

[8] American Marketing Association. "Professional Development Resources." https://www.ama.org/

[9] U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Employment Projections: 2022-2032." https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/emp-by-detailed-occupation.htm

[10] Social Media Examiner. "2024 Social Media Marketing Industry Report." https://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/social-media-marketing-industry-report/

[11] HubSpot. "How to Build a Social Media Portfolio." https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/social-media-portfolio

[12] O*NET OnLine. "Credentials for 27-3031.00 — Public Relations Specialists." https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/27-3031.00#Credentials

[13] Hootsuite. "Hootsuite Social Marketing Certification." https://education.hootsuite.com/pages/social-marketing-certification